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sarang burung/yàn wō (燕窝)/bird nest |
Saturday, June 4, 2011
Habitat
Burung walet hanya hidup di iklim tropis. Kebanyakan sarang walet diproduksi di negara-negara Asia Tenggara seperti Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam dan Malaysia.Negara-negara tersebut memproduksi sarang burung dengan kualitas tinggi. Terutama untuk Indonesia, sebagai salah satu penghasil sarang burung walet terbesar di dunia, mensuplai sekitar 80% dari permintaan sarang burung walet di dunia.
Walet adalah burung liar dan tidak dapat diternakan seperti ayam, bebek atau burung merpati. Walet tinggal di gedung/rumah (khusus untuk tempat tinggal burung). Lokasi yang diharuskan adalah daerah yang penuh dengan serangga sebagai makanannya, misalnya dekat dengan hutan atau perkebunan. Rumah sarang burung walet dibuat dengan plafon kayu, tingkat kelembaban (90%), suhu (28°C - 30°C) dan gelap (tidak ada lampu sama sekali), hal ini disesuaikan dengan habitat alami di gua.
Selain dari pengaturan suhu dan kelembaban secara alami, misalnya dengan cara menambahkan sirkulasi air di dalam maupun di luar bangunan atau cara-cara lainnya, audio player bentuk CPU yang modern untuk memperdengarkan suara dari rekaman suara burung-burung walet dari dalam gedung juga sangat berguna.
Burung walet keluar pada 05:45 (matahari terbit) untuk mencari makan di alam liar dan kembali pada waktu 18:00 (matahari tenggelam). Burung walet mengeluarkan air liurnya yang kental untuk membuat sarang. Air liur tersebut akan mengering saat terkena udara. Sarang walet dipanen 3 x per tahun, setiap panen +/- 3 bulan. Kuartal 1 Jan – April, kuartal 2 dan kuartal 3.
Habitat.
Swallow only live in tropical climates. Most nests produced in the countries of Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. That countries are producing a high quality bird's nest. Especially for Indonesia, as one of the largest bird's nest in the world, supplying about 80% of the demand for bird's nest in the world.
Swallow is a wild bird and can’t be bred like chickens, ducks or pigeons. Swallow lived in the building / home (for housing the birds). Suitable location for them is a region full of insects as food, close to forests or plantations. The house bird's nest made with wood ceiling, the level of humidity (90%), temperature (28° C - 30° C) and dark (no lights at all), it is adapted to the natural habitat in the cave.
Apart from setting the temperature and humidity naturally, for example by adding water circulation inside and outside of buildings or other treatment, an audio player that shape modern CPUs to play sound from sound recordings of birds in the building are also very useful.
Swallow out at 5:45 (sunrise) to foraging in the wild and return at 18:00 (sunset). Swallow issued a thick saliva to make a nest. Saliva will dry out when exposed to air. Swiftlet nests are harvested 3 times per year, each crop + / - 3 months. Quarter 1 Jan - April, quarter 2 and quarter 3.
Jenis/Type
Sarang walet dapat dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok utama, yaitu sarang walet rumahan dan sarang walet gua (yang dipanen di gua-gua di pegunungan). Sarang burung walet rumahan/Collocalia fuciphaga, yang terdiri dari:
1. Collocalia Esculenta Species = dikenal dengan sarang batang pinus, warna kecoklatan, air liur 5-15% per pcs, dan ukuran lebih kecil dari C.Fuciphaga
2. Collocalia Maxima Species = warna kehitaman
3. Collocalia Fuciphaga Species = warna putih
Di pasaran juga dikenal istilah sarang burung walet bersih dan kotor. Yang bersih adalah sarang burung walet yang sudah dicuci dan dibersihkan serta siap untuk dimasak. Yang kotor adalah sarang yang masih terdapat bulu halus.
Direstoran sarang burung walet biasanya disajikan dalam bentuk sup atau manisan sebagai makanan penutup.
Type.
Nest can be categorized into two main groups, namely the home nest and cave nest (which is harvested in the caves in the mountains). Swiftlet home / Collocalia fuciphaga, which consists of :
1. Collocalia esculenta = Species known to nest pine bark, brownish color, saliva 5-15% per pcs, and the smaller size of C. Fuciphaga
2. Collocalia Maxima Species = blackish color
3. Collocalia Fuciphaga Species = whiteIn the market term is also known bird's nest clean and dirty. The clean is a bird nest that has been washed and cleaned and ready to be cooked. The dirty was a nest that is still there fuzz.
in Restaurant bird's nest is usually presented in the form of soups or sweets for dessert.
1. Collocalia esculenta = Species known to nest pine bark, brownish color, saliva 5-15% per pcs, and the smaller size of C. Fuciphaga
2. Collocalia Maxima Species = blackish color
3. Collocalia Fuciphaga Species = whiteIn the market term is also known bird's nest clean and dirty. The clean is a bird nest that has been washed and cleaned and ready to be cooked. The dirty was a nest that is still there fuzz.
in Restaurant bird's nest is usually presented in the form of soups or sweets for dessert.
Manfaat/Benefit
Kandungan gizinya yang tinggi membuatnya dipercaya memiliki khasiat sebagai aphrodisiac yang di masa tertentu hanya bisa dinikmati oleh kaum bangsawan di Tiongkok kuno. Banyak sinshe dan ahli pengobatan China tradisional yang mencampurkan sarang burung walet ke dalam tonik penguat. Belakangan sup sarang burung walet dikemas dan diproduksi secara moderen sebagai salah satu tonik penambah energi.
Sarang burung walet berfungsi sebagai food supplement. Asupan sarang burung walet akan menstimulus kinerja organ-organ tubuh menjadi lebih baik. Sarang burung walet mengandung protein yang berbentuk glikoprotein yang merupakan komponen terbesar selain karbohidrat, lemak, dan air. Jumlahnya mencapai 50 persen. Di tubuh, protein berperan sebagai zat pembangunan. Ia membentuk sel – sel dan jaringan baru serta berperan aktif selama metabolisme. Protein hewani memiliki ikatan senyawa lebih kompleks dari pada protein nabati.
Bahkan salah satu senyawa turunannya azitothymidine telah diteliti bisa melawan AIDS. Istimewanya lagi, sarang burung walet mengandung sumber asam amino yang lengkap. Tercatat sekitar 17 asam amino esensial, semi esensial dan non-esensial yang dimiliki. Salah satunya kini dikembangkan oleh peneliti-peneliti di barat sebagai pelawan stroke dan kanker. Mineral-mineral sarang walet tak kalah manjurnya untuk mendukung aktivitas tubuh.
Ada 6 mineral yang sudah diketahui seperti kalsium, zat besi, iodine, phospor, kalium dan natrium. Di dalam tubuh, kalsium berperan untuk pembentukan tulang. Sayangnya, mineral dan senyawa penting sarang walet mudah leyap. Oleh karena itu, Dr. Kong Yun Cheung dari Universitas Hongkong, menyarankan sarang walet tidak perlu di cuci, sebab glikoprotein akan terbuang.
Pada artikel "Yan Wo Kao" (The investigation on bird's nest) yang terbit bulanan Mingpao Vol. 231, Prof. Y. C. Kong dan Prof. P. S. Kwan (1985) menjelaskan bahwa konsumsi sarang walet di Cina untuk pertama kali dijelaskan pada sastra leluhur Cina "Hai Yu" (The language of the sea) (Huang, 1536) dalam Dinasti Ming.
Benefit.
A high nutritional content makes it is believed to have aphrodisiac properties as that in a certain period can only be enjoyed by the nobility in ancient China. Many physician and expert of traditional Chinese medicine which mixes into the bird's nest tonic amplifier. Later, bird's nest soup is packaged and produced in modern as one of the tonic energy booster.
A high nutritional content makes it is believed to have aphrodisiac properties as that in a certain period can only be enjoyed by the nobility in ancient China. Many physician and expert of traditional Chinese medicine which mixes into the bird's nest tonic amplifier. Later, bird's nest soup is packaged and produced in modern as one of the tonic energy booster.
Bird's nest serves as a food supplement. Intake of bird's nest will stimulate the performance of the organs of the body for the better. Bird's nest-shaped protein containing glycoprotein which is the largest component in addition to carbohydrates, fats, and water. Number reached 50 percent. In the body, proteins act as agents of development. He formed the cell - new cells and tissues and play an active role during metabolism. Animal protein has a bonding compound is more complex than in vegetable protein.
Even one of its derivative compounds have been studied azitothymidine can fight AIDS. Special anymore, bird nest contains a complete source of amino acids. Recorded about 17 amino acids, semi-essential and non-essential owned. One of them is now being developed by researchers in the west as stroke and cancer fighter. These minerals do not lose potency of the nest to support the activities of the body.
There are 6 known minerals such as calcium, iron, iodine, phosphorus, potassium and sodium. In the body, calcium contribute to bone formation. Unfortunately, minerals and essential compounds nest easily gone. Therefore, Dr. Yun Cheung Kong University of Hong Kong, suggesting no need to nest in the wash, because the glycoprotein will be wasted.
In the article "Yan Wo Kao" (The investigation on bird's nest) is published monthly Mingpao Vol. 231, Prof. Y. C. Kong and Prof. P. S. Kwan (1985) explains that the consumption of swallow nest in China for the first time described in the literature ancestral Chinese "Hai Yu" (The language of the sea) (Huang, 1536) in the Ming Dynasty.
Kualitas/Quality
Salah satu ketentuan dalam menilai kualitas dari sarang burung walet, yaitu ketebalan sarang. Sarang burung dibuat dari air liur burung walet. Setiap hari, sepasang walet betina dan jantan bergantian membuat sehelai sarang dengan cara mengoleskan air liur mereka ke dinding gua, dinding tebing, ataupun atap rumah. Ingat..Satu hari hanya mengoleskan satu helai sarang aja. Jadi jangan heran, untuk membuat sarang saja dibutuhkan waktu sekitar 33-41 hari. Malah, pada saat musim kemarau, pembuatan sarang bisa lebih lama, sekitar 80 hari.
Kualitas itulah yang menetukan harga atau nilai dari sarang burung walet tersebut. Sarang burung dengan kualitas sempurna yaitu memiliki bentuk seperti mangkuk, dindingnya tebal, kuat dengan tinggi kira – kira 5 cm, serta bersih tidak tercemar kotoran, bisa dijual dengan harga yang cukup tinggi. Sebaliknya, sarang burung yang kualitasnya rendah, yaitu yang serat – seratnya tidak utuh, kotor, serta bentuknya cacat, hanya bisa dijual dengan harga murah.
Quality.
One of the provisions in assessing the quality of the bird's nest, which is the thickness of the nest. Nests made of saliva swallows. Every day, a pair of female and male swallows make a nest alternately by applying their saliva into the wall of the cave, climbing walls, or roofs. Remember .. One day only put one piece of the nest. So do not be surprised, to make a nest only takes about 33-41 days. In fact, during the dry season, nest building may take longer, about 80 days.
The quality is what determines the price or value of the bird's nest. Bird nest with perfect quality which has a shape like a bowl, thick walls, strong with a high about - about 5 cm, and the nest is not contaminated with fecal matter, can be sold at prices high enough. In contrast, nests of low quality, such as the fiber is not intact, dirty, and shape defects, can only be sold cheaply.
One of the provisions in assessing the quality of the bird's nest, which is the thickness of the nest. Nests made of saliva swallows. Every day, a pair of female and male swallows make a nest alternately by applying their saliva into the wall of the cave, climbing walls, or roofs. Remember .. One day only put one piece of the nest. So do not be surprised, to make a nest only takes about 33-41 days. In fact, during the dry season, nest building may take longer, about 80 days.
The quality is what determines the price or value of the bird's nest. Bird nest with perfect quality which has a shape like a bowl, thick walls, strong with a high about - about 5 cm, and the nest is not contaminated with fecal matter, can be sold at prices high enough. In contrast, nests of low quality, such as the fiber is not intact, dirty, and shape defects, can only be sold cheaply.
Identifikasi sarang burung/Identification of bird nest
a) Berdasarkan habitat:
- Sarang gua: lebih gelap atau kekuningan, lebih banyak bulu dan benda lainnya.
- Sarang rumahan: secara umum keputihan, lebih lembut, bulu lebih sedikit.
- Sarang rumput dan sarang bulu: liur burung walet lebih sedikit karena banyak bulu dan rumput.
b) Berdasarkan warna:
sarang burung putih (disebut juga "Noble Bird's Nest") yang seluruhnya terbuat dari air liur burung walet, sarang burung hitam yang terbuat dari campuran air liur dan bulu – bulu burung, sarang kuning, sarang oranye dan sarang merah.
c) Berdasarkan bentuk:
Bentuk sarang seperti perahu. Bentuk sarang segitiga (letak di sudut) jika dibuat diantara 2 dinding. Tetapi mengandung nutrisi yang sama. Sarang burung yang asli harusnya dalam bentuk alami.
Warna dan Kemurnian: Sarang burung terbaik seharusnya dari warna alami (ivory), tidak terdapat rumput, bulu atau benda lain.
Identification of bird nest.a) Based on the habitat:
1. Nest cave: darker or yellowish, more feathers and other objects.
2. Nest home: generally whitish, softer, less hair.
3. Nest of grass and feathers nest: much less swallow saliva because a lot of fur and grass.
1. Nest cave: darker or yellowish, more feathers and other objects.
2. Nest home: generally whitish, softer, less hair.
3. Nest of grass and feathers nest: much less swallow saliva because a lot of fur and grass.
b) By color:
white bird nests (also called "Noble Bird's Nest") is made entirely of saliva swallow bird, black bird's nest made from a mixture of saliva and bird feathers, yellow, orange and red nest.
white bird nests (also called "Noble Bird's Nest") is made entirely of saliva swallow bird, black bird's nest made from a mixture of saliva and bird feathers, yellow, orange and red nest.
c)Based on the form:
Form a nest like a boat. Nest triangular shape (the location on the corner) if made between the two walls. But contains the same nutrients. The original nest should be in the form of natural.
Form a nest like a boat. Nest triangular shape (the location on the corner) if made between the two walls. But contains the same nutrients. The original nest should be in the form of natural.
Color and Purity: The best bird nest should be of natural colors (ivory), there is no grass, feathers or other objects.
Membersihkan sarang burung/Cleaning the bird's nest of fuzz
Membersihkan sarang burung dari bulu halus:
1. Siapkan air hangat, saringan stainless
2. Rendam sarang burung dalam saringan +- 30 menit
3. Bersihkan bulu halus dan benda asing lain dengan pinset
4. Rendam lagi dengan air matang biasa selama 3 jam
5. Sarang tiriskan dari air
6. Sarang siap digunakan
* air rendaman jangan dibuang krn mengandung nutrisi
Cara menyimpan sarang burung:
Sarang burung yang sudah bersih masukan di toples kedap udara dan disimpan dalam lemari es
Cara-cara yang biasa digunakan untuk menipu konsumen:
- Beberapa pemasok menggunakan H2O2 untuk menghilangkan aroma yang ditimbulkan karena kualitas yang rendah. H2O2 beracun dan bisa menyebabkan kanker. H2O2 dilarang untuk produk makanan oleh WHO.
- SO2 dan SO3 digunakan oleh beberapa pemasok untuk memutihkan kotoran, warna kekuningan dan kehitaman dari sarang burung yang kualitasnya rendah. Sebagaimana kita tahu, SO2 dan SO3 mengandung racun dan dapat menyebabkan kanker jika pemakaian terlalu banyak. Hanya jenis makanan tertentu yang diijinkan memakai SO2 atau SO3 oleh WHO (kurang dari 2 ppm). Di Jepang, tidak ada makanan yang mengandung SO2 atau SO3 lebih dari 1 ppm (1/1,000,000) dalam produk.
Cleaning the bird's nest of fuzz:
1. Prepare hot water, stainless strainer
2. Soak bird's nest in a colander + - 30 minutes
3. Clean the fluff and other foreign objects with tweezers
4. Soak again with plain boiled water for 3 hours
5. Water drained from the nest
6. Nest is ready for use
* Do not throw away the soaking water because it contains nutrients
1. Prepare hot water, stainless strainer
2. Soak bird's nest in a colander + - 30 minutes
3. Clean the fluff and other foreign objects with tweezers
4. Soak again with plain boiled water for 3 hours
5. Water drained from the nest
6. Nest is ready for use
* Do not throw away the soaking water because it contains nutrients
How to save the bird's nest:
Clean bird nest that has been input in an airtight jar and stored in a refrigerator
Clean bird nest that has been input in an airtight jar and stored in a refrigerator
Two Common Methods To Cheat The Consumers• Some suppliers use H2O2 to eliminate the smell caused due to low quality. H2O2 is toxic and can cause cancer. H2O2 is prohibited for food products by the WHO.
• SO2 and SO3 are used by some suppliers to whiten the dirt, yellow and black colors of the bird's nest inferior in quality. As we know, SO2 and SO3 contain toxins and can cause cancer if you use too much. Only certain types of foods that are allowed to use SO2 or SO3 by the WHO (less than 2 ppm). In Japan, there are no foods that contain SO2 or SO3 more than 1 ppm (1 / 1, 000,000) in the product.
• SO2 and SO3 are used by some suppliers to whiten the dirt, yellow and black colors of the bird's nest inferior in quality. As we know, SO2 and SO3 contain toxins and can cause cancer if you use too much. Only certain types of foods that are allowed to use SO2 or SO3 by the WHO (less than 2 ppm). In Japan, there are no foods that contain SO2 or SO3 more than 1 ppm (1 / 1, 000,000) in the product.
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